Economic Consequences
The end-results of healthcare intervention, i.e. the output; measured in pecuniary units.

Economic Evaluation
A comparison of two or more alternative healthcare interventions or programs in terms of their costs and consequences.

Effectiveness
The efficacy of a therapy under uncontrolled (non-experimental or 'real world') conditions.

Efficacy
Clinical effects of a health intervention under controlled (experimental) trial conditions.

EMEA
European Medicines Evaluation Agency. The organization responsible for simultaneous central registration of pharmaceuticals in Europe.

Enabling Techniques
A term often used interchangeably with projective techniques. 'Enabling techniques' is a broader term that encompasses approaches which help the respondent to express ideas but not just by projecting these onto another situation. (see also Projective Techniques)

Endpoint
A measurable indicator of a drug effect being studied, e.g. pain level, side-effect or health-related quality of life.

Entry Order
A relative value that a forecaster assigns to a product to indicate the position of the product in the sequence of launch of directly competing products. In most cases products with a high Entry Order are later to market and attain lower shares than products that were earlier to market and have a lower Entry Order value.

Epidemiology
The study of the distribution, determinants and deterrents of disease processes in populations.

Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)
Evidence Based Medicine. Overview of all relevant data (usually based on published, randomized, controlled trials) concerning individual treatments which enables doctors to make better decisions for individual patients.

Expert Interview (see Research Interviews)

Exploratory Research (see Research Studies)

External Audit
A methodical assessment of the perception of a company, its staff and its products by isolating every message source and applying the question, "What impression would this give of the company?" Good, bad, or neutral. Each message source can be weighted according to its importance in the company/brand imagery.